PCAPFIX(1)

NAME
pcapfix - repair pcap and pcapng files

SYNOPSIS
pcapfix [-d] [-n] [-o filename] [-t DATA_LINK_TYPE] [-v] filename

DESCRIPTION
Pcapfix is a tool to repair your damaged or corrupted pcap and pcapng files. It is written in C and released under the GNU General Public License.

To fix your pcap files the tool first checks for an intact pcap global header and repairs it if there are some corrupted bytes. It there seems to be no global header at all, pcapfix adds a self-created one at the beginning of the file. In a second step the tool tries to find pcap packet headers inside the file, below the global header. It checks if the values are correct (or seem to be correct) and tries to repair a packet if there is something wrong.

To fix your pcapng files the tool loops through all packet headers that can be found in the file. It checks for mandatory Section Header and Interface Description Block and creates them if missing. Pcapfix checks for correct block sizes and valid option fields. If something is wrong, invalid fields are repaired (if possible) or skipped and adjusted to finally get a proper pcapng file.

OPTIONS

-d, --deep-scan
    Force deep scan (default = 0)
    -s, --soft-mode Switch to soft mode packet detection (default = 0)
    This option will force pcapfix to scan for any packet inside the whole file (instead of the first 262144 (max snaplen) bytes only).

-n, --pcapng
    Force File Format to PCAPNG (default = 0)
    This option will force pcapfix to repair the input file as it were in pcapng format (useful for destroyed file headers).

-o, --outfile <filename>
    Set the output file name. Default will be input file prepended by "fixed_".

-t, --data-link-type <nr>
    Data Link Type (default = 1)
    (See NOTES section below.)

-v, --verbose
    Enable verbose output (default = 0)
    You can use multiple -v options to increase verbosity.
    An verbosity of 2 will result in very much output data during package search.

EXAMPLES

Repair the pcap file using deep scan mode, because large blocks of the file are corrupted.
    pcapfix -d file.pcap

Repair the file damaged_file.pcapng using verbose output.
    pcapfix -v damaged_file.pcapng

Repair the file wlan_traffic.pcap and force the data link type to be 119 (PRISM HEADER).
    pcapfix -t 119 wlan_traffic.pcap

Repair the file damaged.pcapng which file header is corrupted and force its format to be pcapng.
    pcapfix -n damaged.pcapng

NOTES

Output file name

    If you want to perform the reparation process on the input file without creating a separate output file - e.g. in case you are out of space, you can use the -o option and give the same name as the input file.

    WARNING: This process is DANGEROUS and may destroy your data. You should only use this option if you know what you are doing and accept the risk of losing the input file.

Deep scan

    In classic pcap files, pcapfix will only scan the first 65536 bytes (maximum packet length) for a proper first packet. If you want to force packet detection even above this limit (e.g. because your file has been heavily destroyed) you can use the deep scan option (-d).

    This option is not necessary for pcapng files because the whole file is arranged in blocks that are 'unlimited' by default. In result pcapfix will always scan the whole pcapng file for further blocks.

Soft mode

    There are programs that breach some pcap conventions when writing files. Ignoring those rules do not break the pcap file but they make it difficult for pcapfix to identify the packets in case of broken files.

    By default pcapfix uses hard mode. If you encounter problems when repairing files, try to switch to soft mode (-s). Pcapfix will then try to find the packets in a more tolerant way.

PCAPNG Format

    Pcapfix will try to identify the file format to repair (pcap / pcapng) before doing any further checks. If the header itself is corrupted, it will assume the format to be classic pcap. To change this behaviour you can force the tool to do a pcapng-repair by supplying -n (--pcapng) option.

Verbosity

    You can use multiple -v options to increase verbosity. An verbosity of 2 will result in very much output data during package search.

ASCII-mode transferred Files (FTP)

    Pcapfix is able to repair pcap files that have been transferred in ascii-mode via FTP. In those files a proper pcap structure will be created only to make them readable by wireshark etc. The data inside the packets (and some pcap headers) might still be corrupted. To repair those packets a deeper look inside the packet structure (e.g. checksum) will be necessary.

Data Link Types

    You can make pcapfix change / select your data link type by supplying -t option. Although you may select a data link type number between 0 and 255, only the following types are assigned: If the data link type field is corrupt, pcapfix will select LINKTYPE_ETHERNET by default.

    See http://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes.html for further information.

    NUMBER    LINK_TYPE

    0    LINKTYPE_NULL
    1    LINKTYPE_ETHERNET
    6    LINKTYPE_TOKEN_RING
    7    LINKTYPE_ARCNET_BSD
    8    LINKTYPE_SLIP
    9    LINKTYPE_PPP
    10    LINKTYPE_FDDI
    50    LINKTYPE_PPP_HDLC
    51    LINKTYPE_PPP_ETHER
    100    LINKTYPE_ATM_RFC1483
    101    LINKTYPE_RAW
    104    LINKTYPE_C_HDLC
    105    LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11
    107    LINKTYPE_FRELAY
    108    LINKTYPE_LOOP
    113    LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL
    114    LINKTYPE_LTALK
    117    LINKTYPE_PFLOG
    119    LINKTYPE_PRISM_HEADER
    122    LINKTYPE_IP_OVER_FC
    123    LINKTYPE_SUNATM
    127    LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11_RADIO
    129    LINKTYPE_ARCNET_LINUX
    138    LINKTYPE_APPLE_IP_OVER_IEEE1394
    139    LINKTYPE_MTP2_WITH_PHDR
    140    LINKTYPE_MTP2
    141    LINKTYPE_MTP3
    142    LINKTYPE_SCCP
    143    LINKTYPE_DOCSIS
    144    LINKTYPE_LINUX_IRDA
    147-162    LINKTYPE_USER0-LINKTYPE-USER15
    163    LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS
    166    LINKTYPE_PPP_PPPD
    169    LINKTYPE_GPRS_LLC
    177    LINKTYPE_LINUX_LAPD
    187    LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_HCI_H4
    189    LINKTYPE_USB_LINUX
    192    LINKTYPE_PPI
    195    LINKTYPE_IEEE802_15_4
    196    LINKTYPE_SITA
    197    LINKTYPE_ERF
    201    LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_HCI_H4_WITH_PHDR
    202    LINKTYPE_AX25_KISS
    203    LINKTYPE_LAPD
    204    LINKTYPE_PPP_WITH_DIR
    205    LINKTYPE_C_HDLC_WITH_DIR
    206    LINKTYPE_FRELAY_WITH_DIR
    209    LINKTYPE_IPMB_LINUX
    215    LINKTYPE_IEEE802_15_4_NONASK_PHY
    220    LINKTYPE_USB_LINUX_MMAPPED
    224    LINKTYPE_FC_2
    225    LINKTYPE_FC_2_WITH_FRAME_DELIMS
    226    LINKTYPE_IPNET
    227    LINKTYPE_CAN_SOCKETCAN
    228    LINKTYPE_IPV4
    229    LINKTYPE_IPV6
    230    LINKTYPE_IEEE802_15_4_NOFCS
    231    LINKTYPE_DBUS
    235    LINKTYPE_DVB_CI
    236    LINKTYPE_MUX27010
    237    LINKTYPE_STANAG_5066_D_PDU
    239    LINKTYPE_NFLOG
    240    LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER
    241    LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER_TRANSPARENT
    242    LINKTYPE_IPOIB
    243    LINKTYPE_MPEG_2_TS
    244    LINKTYPE_NG40
    245    LINKTYPE_NFC_LLCP

DEVELOPMENT
This tool is still under development! Please send any further wishes, feature requests or problems in compiling and execution to ruport@f00l.de. Additionally You may send me pcap/pcapng files that could not be repaired too in order to improve pcapfix and get your file repaired.

For further information visit the pcapfix homepage at http://f00l.de/pcapfix/.

MESSAGES AND EXIT CODES
 1    , file was corrupted and has been repaired
 0    , file is proper; nothing to repair
-1    , invalid options / parameters given
-2    , cannot open input file for reading
-3    , cannot open output file for writing
-4    , input file is empty
-5    , input file is too small
-6    , file type not supported
-11    , not a pcap/pcapng file
-12    , unable to repair the file
-13    , EOF while reading input file
-255    , unknown error

HISTORY

1.1.7 - 03.07.2021
    * fixed security issues

1.1.6 - 13.06.2021
    * added security boundary checks in pcapng format

1.1.5 - 05.04.2021
    * snaplen checks are only performed in soft mode now
    * fixed repairs for dlt 195 (ieee 802.15.4 with fcs)
    * fixed (binary) file repair bug under Microsoft Windows
    * improved compiling on all platforms (thanks to mdeweerd)

1.1.4 - 22.01.2019
    * added support for extended pcap file format (kuznetzov)
    * fixed dtl 113 (linux cooked) handling (thanks to Andre Luyer)
    * improved hard and soft mode checks for younger/older packets
    * minor fixes and improvements

1.1.3 - 04.09.2018
    * implemtented soft mode (for plausibility checks)

1.1.2 - 16.07.2018
    * fixed cross compiling (thanks to Helmut Grohne)
    * increased maximum snap length to 262144

1.1.1 - 25.12.2017
    * added write buffers and support to perform repair process without creation of a separate output file
    * fixed another MacOS build problem
    * fixed minor bugs

1.1.0 - 31.08.2013
    * added checks for valid pcapng format (epb)
    * added --outfile parameter to chose fixed file name
    * improved pcapng packet alignment (pb, spb, nrb)
    * improved pcapng option fields handling
    * improved status and verbosity outputs
    * fixed reparation bugs with swapped pcap files
    * fixed MacOS compile problem
    * fixed windows output file name extension missing
    * fixed many minor bugs

1.0.2 - 18.02.2013
    * added support for files larger than 2GB on 32bit systems

1.0.1 - 03.11.2013
    * added reparation block type id zero (pcapng)
    * added reparation of capture length inside EPB (pcapng)
    * set data link type to ethernet on missing header (pcap)
    * changed missing pcap header threshold
    * fixed minor bugs

1.0.0 - 12.10.2013
    * added pcapng support
    * added nanoseconds support (Issue #1)
    * improved console output
    * minor bugs fixed

0.7.3 - 16.06.2013
    * added snoop file detection
    * added large file support on 32bit architectures
    * improved missing header detection
    * fixed compiling errors on hurd and kfreebsd architectures
    * fixed minor bugs

0.7.2 - 30.03.2013
    * compiles on Apple systems properly now
    * fixed problems installing man-pages (on some systems)

0.7.1 - 03.01.2013
    * REALLY fixed file pointer exception on windows64 systems
    * updated man-page

0.7 - 18.10.2012
    * added support for swapped (big endian) pcap files
    * compiles on OpenBSD properly now
    * fixed file pointer exception on windows64 systems
    * fixed detection bug when corrupted packet is larger than 65536 bytes
    * fixed minimal packet limit to cope with wlan traffic

0.6 - 20.05.2012
    * added deep scan option (-d) to force packet detection inside the whole file
    * detects ascii-corruption in pcap header (unix->win)
    * improved global header and packet checks (0 <= usec <= 1000000)
    * repair files that first packet is entirely corrupted
    * repair oversized packets
    * improved last packet mismatch correction
    * fixed reading packets over EOF

0.5 - 05.05.2012
    * repair files that packets were not saved chronologically
    * detect and repair overlapping packets
    * detect and repair cut-off pcap files
    * detect and repair ascii-mode transferred pcap files (pcap headers only!)
    * added progress bar
    * added man-page

0.4 - 27.04.2012
    * completely redesigned packet detection algorithm (replaced bottom-up-recovery with brute-force-packet-guessing)
    * improved detection rate by additional plausibility checks
    * increased speed when repairing large pcap files

0.3 - 31.03.2012
    * when recovering packets size will be checked to be smaller than 65536
    * added recognition when a file does not seem to be a pcap file at all
    * compiles on windows systems properly now (tested with dev-cpp)
    * added option to manually select data link type

0.2 - 11.03.2012
    * pcapfix compiles on 64bit systems correctly now
    * fixed segfault when no filename was given
    * fixed (input) file not found bug on directory differ
    * added recognition of other data link types beside ethernet in global header
    * added source code documentation

0.1 - 01.03.2012
    * this is the first version, everything has changed thou :-)

COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2012-2021 Robert Krause

Pcapfix is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or any later version.

Pcapfix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

AUTHOR
Written by Robert Krause <ruport@f00l.de>.