# pgRouting Manual (3.1)

## pgr_withPoints - Proposed

`pgr_withPoints` - Returns the shortest path in a graph with additional temporary vertices.

Warning

Proposed functions for next mayor release.

- They are not officially in the current release.

- They will likely officially be part of the next mayor release:

  - The functions make use of ANY-INTEGER and ANY-NUMERICAL

  - Name might not change. (But still can)

  - Signature might not change. (But still can)

  - Functionality might not change. (But still can)

  - pgTap tests have being done. But might need more.

  - Documentation might need refinement.

Boost Graph Inside

Availability

- Version 2.2.0

  - New proposed function

Support

- Supported versions: current(3.1) 3.0

- Unsupported versions: 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2

## Description

Modify the graph to include points defined by points_sql. Using Dijkstra algorithm, find the shortest path(s)

The main characteristics are:

- Process is done only on edges with positive costs.

- Vertices of the graph are:

  - positive when it belongs to the edges_sql

  - negative when it belongs to the points_sql

- Values are returned when there is a path.

  - When the starting vertex and ending vertex are the same, there is no path. - The agg_cost the non included values (v, v) is 0

  - When the starting vertex and ending vertex are the different and there is no path: - The agg_cost the non included values (u, v) is ∞

- For optimization purposes, any duplicated value in the start_vids or end_vids are ignored.

- The returned values are ordered: - start_vid ascending - end_vid ascending

- Running time: \(O(|start\_vids|\times(V \log V + E))\)

## Signatures

Summary

    pgr_withPoints(edges_sql, points_sql, from_vid,  to_vid  [, directed] [, driving_side] [, details])
    pgr_withPoints(edges_sql, points_sql, from_vid,  to_vids [, directed] [, driving_side] [, details])
    pgr_withPoints(edges_sql, points_sql, from_vids, to_vid  [, directed] [, driving_side] [, details])
    pgr_withPoints(edges_sql, points_sql, from_vids, to_vids [, directed] [, driving_side] [, details])
    RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq, [start_vid,] [end_vid,] node, edge, cost, agg_cost)

Using defaults

    pgr_withPoints(edges_sql, points_sql, from_vid, to_vid)
    RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)

Example

  From point \(1\) to point \(3\)

  - For a directed graph.

  - The driving side is set as b both. So arriving/departing to/from the point(s) can be in any direction.

  - No details are given about distance of other points of points_sql query.

    SELECT * FROM pgr_withPoints(
        'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table ORDER BY id',
        'SELECT pid, edge_id, fraction, side from pointsOfInterest',
        -1, -3);
     seq | path_seq | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
    -----+----------+------+------+------+----------
       1 |        1 |   -1 |    1 |  0.6 |        0
       2 |        2 |    2 |    4 |    1 |      0.6
       3 |        3 |    5 |   10 |    1 |      1.6
       4 |        4 |   10 |   12 |  0.6 |      2.6
       5 |        5 |   -3 |   -1 |    0 |      3.2
    (5 rows)

### One to One

    pgr_withPoints(edges_sql, points_sql, from_vid,  to_vid  [, directed] [, driving_side] [, details])
    RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)

Example

  From point \(1\) to vertex \(3\) with details of passing points

    SELECT * FROM pgr_withPoints(
        'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table ORDER BY id',
        'SELECT pid, edge_id, fraction, side from pointsOfInterest',
        -1, 3,
        details := true);
     seq | path_seq | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
    -----+----------+------+------+------+----------
       1 |        1 |   -1 |    1 |  0.6 |        0
       2 |        2 |    2 |    4 |  0.7 |      0.6
       3 |        3 |   -6 |    4 |  0.3 |      1.3
       4 |        4 |    5 |    8 |    1 |      1.6
       5 |        5 |    6 |    9 |    1 |      2.6
       6 |        6 |    9 |   16 |    1 |      3.6
       7 |        7 |    4 |    3 |    1 |      4.6
       8 |        8 |    3 |   -1 |    0 |      5.6
    (8 rows)

### One to Many

    pgr_withPoints(edges_sql, points_sql, from_vid,  to_vids [, directed] [, driving_side] [, details])
    RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)

Example

  From point \(1\) to point \(3\) and vertex \(5\)

    SELECT * FROM pgr_withPoints(
        'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table ORDER BY id',
        'SELECT pid, edge_id, fraction, side from pointsOfInterest',
        -1, ARRAY[-3,5]);
     seq | path_seq | end_pid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
    -----+----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
       1 |        1 |      -3 |   -1 |    1 |  0.6 |        0
       2 |        2 |      -3 |    2 |    4 |    1 |      0.6
       3 |        3 |      -3 |    5 |   10 |    1 |      1.6
       4 |        4 |      -3 |   10 |   12 |  0.6 |      2.6
       5 |        5 |      -3 |   -3 |   -1 |    0 |      3.2
       6 |        1 |       5 |   -1 |    1 |  0.6 |        0
       7 |        2 |       5 |    2 |    4 |    1 |      0.6
       8 |        3 |       5 |    5 |   -1 |    0 |      1.6
    (8 rows)

### Many to One

    pgr_withPoints(edges_sql, points_sql, from_vids, to_vid  [, directed] [, driving_side] [, details])
    RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq, start_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)

Example

  From point \(1\) and vertex \(2\) to point \(3\)

    SELECT * FROM pgr_withPoints(
        'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table ORDER BY id',
        'SELECT pid, edge_id, fraction, side from pointsOfInterest',
        ARRAY[-1,2], -3);
     seq | path_seq | start_pid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
    -----+----------+-----------+------+------+------+----------
       1 |        1 |        -1 |   -1 |    1 |  0.6 |        0
       2 |        2 |        -1 |    2 |    4 |    1 |      0.6
       3 |        3 |        -1 |    5 |   10 |    1 |      1.6
       4 |        4 |        -1 |   10 |   12 |  0.6 |      2.6
       5 |        5 |        -1 |   -3 |   -1 |    0 |      3.2
       6 |        1 |         2 |    2 |    4 |    1 |        0
       7 |        2 |         2 |    5 |   10 |    1 |        1
       8 |        3 |         2 |   10 |   12 |  0.6 |        2
       9 |        4 |         2 |   -3 |   -1 |    0 |      2.6
    (9 rows)

### Many to Many

    pgr_withPoints(edges_sql, points_sql, from_vids, to_vids [, directed] [, driving_side] [, details])
    RETURNS SET OF (seq, path_seq, start_vid, end_vid, node, edge, cost, agg_cost)

Example

  From point \(1\) and vertex \(2\) to point \(3\) and vertex \(7\)

    SELECT * FROM pgr_withPoints(
        'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table ORDER BY id',
        'SELECT pid, edge_id, fraction, side from pointsOfInterest',
        ARRAY[-1,2], ARRAY[-3,7]);
     seq | path_seq | start_pid | end_pid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
    -----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
       1 |        1 |        -1 |      -3 |   -1 |    1 |  0.6 |        0
       2 |        2 |        -1 |      -3 |    2 |    4 |    1 |      0.6
       3 |        3 |        -1 |      -3 |    5 |   10 |    1 |      1.6
       4 |        4 |        -1 |      -3 |   10 |   12 |  0.6 |      2.6
       5 |        5 |        -1 |      -3 |   -3 |   -1 |    0 |      3.2
       6 |        1 |        -1 |       7 |   -1 |    1 |  0.6 |        0
       7 |        2 |        -1 |       7 |    2 |    4 |    1 |      0.6
       8 |        3 |        -1 |       7 |    5 |    7 |    1 |      1.6
       9 |        4 |        -1 |       7 |    8 |    6 |    1 |      2.6
      10 |        5 |        -1 |       7 |    7 |   -1 |    0 |      3.6
      11 |        1 |         2 |      -3 |    2 |    4 |    1 |        0
      12 |        2 |         2 |      -3 |    5 |   10 |    1 |        1
      13 |        3 |         2 |      -3 |   10 |   12 |  0.6 |        2
      14 |        4 |         2 |      -3 |   -3 |   -1 |    0 |      2.6
      15 |        1 |         2 |       7 |    2 |    4 |    1 |        0
      16 |        2 |         2 |       7 |    5 |    7 |    1 |        1
      17 |        3 |         2 |       7 |    8 |    6 |    1 |        2
      18 |        4 |         2 |       7 |    7 |   -1 |    0 |        3
    (18 rows)

## Parameters

Parameter | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
edges_sql | `TEXT` | Edges SQL query as described above.
points_sql | `TEXT` | Points SQL query as described above.
start_vid | `ANY-INTEGER` | Starting vertex identifier. When negative: is a point’s pid.
end_vid | `ANY-INTEGER` | Ending vertex identifier. When negative: is a point’s pid.
start_vids | `ARRAY[ANY-INTEGER]` | Array of identifiers of starting vertices. When negative: is a point’s pid.
end_vids | `ARRAY[ANY-INTEGER]` | Array of identifiers of ending vertices. When negative: is a point’s pid.
directed | `BOOLEAN` | (optional). When `false` the graph is considered as Undirected. Default is `true` which considers the graph as Directed.

driving_side

`CHAR`

(optional) Value in [‘b’, ‘r’, ‘l’, NULL] indicating if the driving side is:

  - In the right or left or

  - If it doesn’t matter with ‘b’ or NULL.

  - If column not present ‘b’ is considered.

details | `BOOLEAN` | (optional). When `true` the results will include the points in points_sql that are in the path. Default is `false` which ignores other points of the points_sql.

## Inner query

Column | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
id | `ANY-INTEGER` |  | Identifier of the edge.
source | `ANY-INTEGER` |  | Identifier of the first end point vertex of the edge.
target | `ANY-INTEGER` |  | Identifier of the second end point vertex of the edge.

cost

`ANY-NUMERICAL`

Weight of the edge (source, target)

- When negative: edge (source, target) does not exist, therefore it’s not part of the graph.

reverse_cost

`ANY-NUMERICAL`

-1

Weight of the edge (target, source),

- When negative: edge (target, source) does not exist, therefore it’s not part of the graph.

Where:

ANY-INTEGER

  SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT

ANY-NUMERICAL

  SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, REAL, FLOAT

Description of the Points SQL query

points_sql

  an SQL query, which should return a set of rows with the following columns:

Column | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---

pid

`ANY-INTEGER`

(optional) Identifier of the point.

- If column present, it can not be NULL.

- If column not present, a sequential identifier will be given automatically.

edge_id | `ANY-INTEGER` | Identifier of the “closest” edge to the point.
fraction | `ANY-NUMERICAL` | Value in <0,1> that indicates the relative postition from the first end point of the edge.

side

`CHAR`

(optional) Value in [‘b’, ‘r’, ‘l’, NULL] indicating if the point is:

- In the right, left of the edge or

- If it doesn’t matter with ‘b’ or NULL.

- If column not present ‘b’ is considered.

Where:

ANY-INTEGER

  smallint, int, bigint

ANY-NUMERICAL

  smallint, int, bigint, real, float

## Result Columns

Column | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
seq | `INTEGER` | Row sequence.
path_seq | `INTEGER` | Path sequence that indicates the relative position on the path.
start_vid | `BIGINT` | Identifier of the starting vertex. When negative: is a point’s pid.
end_vid | `BIGINT` | Identifier of the ending vertex. When negative: is a point’s pid.

node

`BIGINT`

Identifier of the node:

  - A positive value indicates the node is a vertex of edges_sql.

  - A negative value indicates the node is a point of points_sql.

edge

`BIGINT`

Identifier of the edge used to go from `node` to the next node in the path sequence.

  - `-1` for the last row in the path sequence.

cost

`FLOAT`

Cost to traverse from `node` using `edge` to the next `node` in the path sequence.

  - `0` for the last row in the path sequence.

agg_cost

`FLOAT`

Aggregate cost from `start_pid` to `node`.

  - `0` for the first row in the path sequence.

## Additional Examples

Example

  Which path (if any) passes in front of point \(6\) or vertex \(6\) with right side driving topology.

    SELECT ('(' || start_pid || ' => ' || end_pid ||') at ' || path_seq || 'th step:')::TEXT AS path_at,
            CASE WHEN edge = -1 THEN ' visits'
                ELSE ' passes in front of'
            END as status,
            CASE WHEN node < 0 THEN 'Point'
                ELSE 'Vertex'
            END as is_a,
            abs(node) as id
        FROM pgr_withPoints(
            'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table ORDER BY id',
            'SELECT pid, edge_id, fraction, side from pointsOfInterest',
            ARRAY[1,-1], ARRAY[-2,-3,-6,3,6],
            driving_side := 'r',
            details := true)
        WHERE node IN (-6,6);
             path_at         |       status        |  is_a  | id
    -------------------------+---------------------+--------+----
     (-1 => -6) at 4th step: |  visits             | Point  |  6
     (-1 => -3) at 4th step: |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (-1 => -2) at 4th step: |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (-1 => -2) at 6th step: |  passes in front of | Vertex |  6
     (-1 => 3) at 4th step:  |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (-1 => 3) at 6th step:  |  passes in front of | Vertex |  6
     (-1 => 6) at 4th step:  |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (-1 => 6) at 6th step:  |  visits             | Vertex |  6
     (1 => -6) at 3th step:  |  visits             | Point  |  6
     (1 => -3) at 3th step:  |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (1 => -2) at 3th step:  |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (1 => -2) at 5th step:  |  passes in front of | Vertex |  6
     (1 => 3) at 3th step:   |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (1 => 3) at 5th step:   |  passes in front of | Vertex |  6
     (1 => 6) at 3th step:   |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (1 => 6) at 5th step:   |  visits             | Vertex |  6
    (16 rows)

Example

  Which path (if any) passes in front of point \(6\) or vertex \(6\) with left side driving topology.

    SELECT ('(' || start_pid || ' => ' || end_pid ||') at ' || path_seq || 'th step:')::TEXT AS path_at,
            CASE WHEN edge = -1 THEN ' visits'
                ELSE ' passes in front of'
            END as status,
            CASE WHEN node < 0 THEN 'Point'
                ELSE 'Vertex'
            END as is_a,
            abs(node) as id
        FROM pgr_withPoints(
            'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table ORDER BY id',
            'SELECT pid, edge_id, fraction, side from pointsOfInterest',
            ARRAY[1,-1], ARRAY[-2,-3,-6,3,6],
            driving_side := 'l',
            details := true)
        WHERE node IN (-6,6);
             path_at         |       status        |  is_a  | id
    -------------------------+---------------------+--------+----
     (-1 => -6) at 3th step: |  visits             | Point  |  6
     (-1 => -3) at 3th step: |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (-1 => -2) at 3th step: |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (-1 => -2) at 5th step: |  passes in front of | Vertex |  6
     (-1 => 3) at 3th step:  |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (-1 => 3) at 5th step:  |  passes in front of | Vertex |  6
     (-1 => 6) at 3th step:  |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (-1 => 6) at 5th step:  |  visits             | Vertex |  6
     (1 => -6) at 4th step:  |  visits             | Point  |  6
     (1 => -3) at 4th step:  |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (1 => -2) at 4th step:  |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (1 => -2) at 6th step:  |  passes in front of | Vertex |  6
     (1 => 3) at 4th step:   |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (1 => 3) at 6th step:   |  passes in front of | Vertex |  6
     (1 => 6) at 4th step:   |  passes in front of | Point  |  6
     (1 => 6) at 6th step:   |  visits             | Vertex |  6
    (16 rows)

Example

  From point \(1\) and vertex \(2\) to point \(3\) to vertex \(7\) on an undirected graph, with details.

    SELECT * FROM pgr_withPoints(
        'SELECT id, source, target, cost, reverse_cost FROM edge_table ORDER BY id',
        'SELECT pid, edge_id, fraction, side from pointsOfInterest',
        ARRAY[-1,2], ARRAY[-3,7],
        directed := false,
        details := true);
     seq | path_seq | start_pid | end_pid | node | edge | cost | agg_cost
    -----+----------+-----------+---------+------+------+------+----------
       1 |        1 |        -1 |      -3 |   -1 |    1 |  0.6 |        0
       2 |        2 |        -1 |      -3 |    2 |    4 |  0.7 |      0.6
       3 |        3 |        -1 |      -3 |   -6 |    4 |  0.3 |      1.3
       4 |        4 |        -1 |      -3 |    5 |   10 |    1 |      1.6
       5 |        5 |        -1 |      -3 |   10 |   12 |  0.6 |      2.6
       6 |        6 |        -1 |      -3 |   -3 |   -1 |    0 |      3.2
       7 |        1 |        -1 |       7 |   -1 |    1 |  0.6 |        0
       8 |        2 |        -1 |       7 |    2 |    4 |  0.7 |      0.6
       9 |        3 |        -1 |       7 |   -6 |    4 |  0.3 |      1.3
      10 |        4 |        -1 |       7 |    5 |    7 |    1 |      1.6
      11 |        5 |        -1 |       7 |    8 |    6 |  0.7 |      2.6
      12 |        6 |        -1 |       7 |   -4 |    6 |  0.3 |      3.3
      13 |        7 |        -1 |       7 |    7 |   -1 |    0 |      3.6
      14 |        1 |         2 |      -3 |    2 |    4 |  0.7 |        0
      15 |        2 |         2 |      -3 |   -6 |    4 |  0.3 |      0.7
      16 |        3 |         2 |      -3 |    5 |   10 |    1 |        1
      17 |        4 |         2 |      -3 |   10 |   12 |  0.6 |        2
      18 |        5 |         2 |      -3 |   -3 |   -1 |    0 |      2.6
      19 |        1 |         2 |       7 |    2 |    4 |  0.7 |        0
      20 |        2 |         2 |       7 |   -6 |    4 |  0.3 |      0.7
      21 |        3 |         2 |       7 |    5 |    7 |    1 |        1
      22 |        4 |         2 |       7 |    8 |    6 |  0.7 |        2
      23 |        5 |         2 |       7 |   -4 |    6 |  0.3 |      2.7
      24 |        6 |         2 |       7 |    7 |   -1 |    0 |        3
    (24 rows)

The queries use the Sample Data network

## See Also

- withPoints - Family of functions

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